what was jews forced to wear in the ghettos

The policy of requiring Jews to wear various means of identification had been employed by Muslims and Christians at different times throughout the centuries as a ways of separating Jews from the rest of society. The Nazi policy of requiring Jews to vesture the Judenstern, the Star pf David served to dehumanize and isolate Jews, but also was instrumental in identifying them for eventual ghettoization and deportation to slave labor camps, concentration camps, or extermination centers. Wearing the yellowish Star of David became compulsory after the invasion of Poland in September 1939, throughout countries conquered and occupied by Germany and its allies. The design of the bluecoat varied from region to region.

--Michael D. Bulmash, K1966

Browse the Bulmash Family unit Holocaust Drove.

Printing is non supported at the primary Gallery Thumbnail page. Please first navigate to a specific Image before press.

Berlin Jewish Couple Wearing Star of David Patches

2014.1.85

Front end: A Jewish couple holding hands with Star of David patches on their clothing. Back: A pasted news clipping explaining the photograph.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: "A Jewish couple walks along a street in Berlin wearing the six-pointed star with the inscription 'Jude' (Jew) sewn on the left side of their apparel. The star, Berlin sources said, "has been perscribed by law since Sept. 19, 1941" -AP photo
Armband Worn by Member of Jewish Ghetto Constabulary

2014.1.135

An armband worn by a member of the Jewish Ghetto Police.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Armband from a Jewish Ghetto, a "Judischer Ordnungsdienst" [Jewish Ghetto Police] once worn by a member of one of the Auxiliary police units organized in the Jewish ghettos of Europe by local Judenrat councils under orders of the occupying Nazis. Members of the Judischer Ordnungsdienst were the Jews themselves, had no officual uniform other than the armband and a badge, and were non immune to carry firearms. They were used past the Germans primarily for securing the deportation of other Jews to concentration camps.
Early Jewish Star of David Armband

2014.1.136

A white armband with blue Star of David stitched into it.

Data Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: A crudely stitched Star of David embroidered on cloth. On December 1, 1939, two months after the surrender of Poland to the Nazis, the German authorities ordered all Jews to wear an armband on their right sleeve bearing a blue Star of David.
Dutch Yellow Star of David Jews Forced to Vesture

2014.1.209

A Dutch, yellowish Star of David with the word "Jood" [Jew] in the center.
Bulgarian Jewish Star of David

2019.2.190

Yellow Star of David push with 2 holes in center, Star of David carved into front of button.

Information Provided past Michael D. Bulmash: Carved push button issued to Bulgarian Jews during High german occupation of Bulgaria as an aspect of Nazification of that country and visual identification of Jews. Unlike the patches worn in other occupied countries, this was meant to exist sewn into the lapel.
Dutch Annunciation that Jews Must Wear Star of David

2014.1.208

Data Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Original declaration by Amsterdam judenrat on Apr 29, 1942, that the star of David (mogen david) [2014.one.209] had to be worn by every Jewish person in the netherlands during the Nazi occupation. Signed past A. Asscher and Dr. D. Cohen of the Dutch Joodsche Raad in Amsterdam.
Jews Forced to Clothing Star of David

2014.1.305

Forepart: Black and white photograph of ten Jewish men, each wearing a xanthous Star of David on their chest.

Data Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Elevation wire photo with fastened press release verso: 'Worn and exhausted from their experiences at the hands of the Nazis is this group of Jews liberated from German camps by Carmine Regular army troops. Because of a Hitlerite prescript they were forced to wear the half-dozen-pointed Star of David on their coats." Credit (ACME Radio Photo) 11/29/44.
Jewish Wedding ceremony in Occupied Belgium. Stars of David

2014.1.86

Front: An image of a Jewish wedding ceremony in occupied Belgium. Dorsum: Typed data well-nigh the prototype, "The Longest Hatred".

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: Photo of "A family portrait in German-occupied Belgium. A Nazi decree required Jews...to vesture a yellow star of David"...Part of a production on PBS in 1993,,," that "explores the persistent prejudice that casts Jews equally outsiders and threats to lodge."
High german Star of David

2012.ane.nine

German, light yellow cloth with black outline and "Jude" stiched in black in the middle.
French Star of David

2012.1.8

French, night yellow cloth with black outline. "Juif" written in black in center.
High german or Czechoslovakian Star of David

2012.1.7

Gold star with black outline. "Jude" stitched in blackness in middle.
Star of David

2012.i.6

Black star with chocolate-brown outline; Hebrew words stitched in brown in center. The text embroidered on information technology is a date - Tu Av/ 5701.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash: This may be a reference to the pocket-size Jewish vacation of Tu b'Av which in modern times is a celebration of dear (similar Valentine's twenty-four hour period).
Belgian Star of David

2012.one.v

Dark yellow with black outline; "J" in heart.
Dress with German language Star of David

2012.1.566

A black dress with an attached xanthous Star of David patch with the word 'Jude' written on it.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Dress with German Star of David and "Jude" owned past Gertrude Katzenstein (Gerdy Kaston)

[Items relating to Gertrude Katzenstein: 2012.i.38ab, 2012.ane.39, 2012.1.40, 2012.ane.94, 2012.i.95ab, 2012.1.566]